Baldry, I. K. et al. Galaxy bimodality versus stellar mass and environment. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 373, 469–483 (2006).
Gadotti, D. A. Structural properties of pseudo-bulges, classical bulges and elliptical galaxies: a Sloan Digital Sky Survey perspective. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 393, 1531–1552 (2009).
Brooks, A. & Christensen, C. in Galactic Bulges (eds Laurikainen, E., Peletier, R. & Gadotti, D.) 317–353 (Springer, 2016).
Oser, L., Naab, T., Ostriker, J. P. & Johansson, P. H. The cosmological size and velocity dispersion evolution of massive early-type galaxies. Astrophys. J. 744, 63 (2012).
Peng, Y.-j et al. Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function. Astrophys. J. 721, 193–221 (2010).
Blain, A. W., Smail, I., Ivison, R. J., Kneib, J. P. & Frayer, D. T. Submillimeter galaxies. Phys. Rep. 369, 111–176 (2002).
Lilly, S. et al. Deep sub-mm surveys: high redshift ULIRGs and the formation of the metal-rich spheroids. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9903157 (1999).
Archibald, E. N. et al. Coupled spheroid and black hole formation, and the multifrequency detectability of active galactic nuclei and submillimetre sources. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 336, 353–362 (2002).
Dunne, L., Eales, S. A. & Edmunds, M. G. A census of metals at high and low redshift and the connection between submillimetre sources and spheroid formation. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 341, 589–598 (2003).
De Lucia, G., Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Croton, D. & Kauffmann, G. The formation history of elliptical galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 366, 499–509 (2006).
Tacconi, L. J. et al. Submillimeter galaxies at z ~ 2: evidence for major mergers and constraints on lifetimes, IMF, and CO-H2 conversion factor. Astrophys. J. 680, 246–262 (2008).
Brisbin, D. et al. An ALMA survey of submillimeter galaxies in the COSMOS field: multiwavelength counterparts and redshift distribution. Astron. Astrophys. 608, A15 (2017).
Le Bail, A. et al. JWST/CEERS sheds light on dusty star-forming galaxies: forming bulges, lopsidedness, and outside-in quenching at cosmic noon. Astron. Astrophys. 688, A53 (2024).
Cardona-Torres, L., Aretxaga, I., Montaña, A., Zavala, J. A. & Faber, S. M. The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: the EGS deep field – III. The evolution of faint submillimetre galaxies at z < 4. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 520, 5446–5463 (2023).
Gillman, S. et al. Sub-millimetre galaxies with Webb. Near-infrared counterparts and multi-wavelength morphology. Astron. Astrophys. 676, A26 (2023).
Gullberg, B. et al. An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: high-resolution dust continuum morphologies and the link between sub-millimetre galaxies and spheroid formation. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 490, 4956–4974 (2019).
Hodge, J. A. et al. ALMA reveals potential evidence for spiral arms, bars, and rings in high-redshift submillimeter galaxies. Astrophys. J. 876, 130 (2019).
Adscheid, S. et al. A3COSMOS and A3GOODSS: continuum source catalogues and multi-band number counts. Astron. Astrophys 685, A1 (2024).
van der Wel, A. et al. 3D-HST+CANDELS: the evolution of the galaxy size–mass distribution since z = 3. Astrophys. J. 788, 28 (2014).
Magnelli, B. et al. CEERS: MIRI deciphers the spatial distribution of dust-obscured star formation in galaxies at 0.1 < z < 2.5. Astron. Astrophys. 678, A83 (2023).
Spergel, D. N. Analytical galaxy profiles for photometric and lensing analysis. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 191, 58–65 (2010).
Tan, Q.-H. et al. Fitting pseudo-Sérsic (Spergel) light profiles to galaxies in interferometric data: the excellence of the uυ-plane. Astron. Astrophys. 684, A23 (2024).
Sérsic, J. L. Atlas de Galaxias Australes (Observatorio Astronomico, 1968).
Dutton, A. A. On the origin of exponential galaxy discs. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 396, 121–140 (2009).
Wang, E. & Lilly, S. J. The origin of exponential star-forming disks. Astrophys. J. 927, 217 (2022).
Zhang, J. et al. 3D intrinsic shapes of quiescent galaxies in observations and simulations. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 513, 4814–4832 (2022).
Patra, N. N. Molecular scale height in spiral galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 484, 81–92 (2019).
Padilla, N. D. & Strauss, M. A. The shapes of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 388, 1321–1334 (2008).
Rodríguez, S. & Padilla, N. D. The intrinsic shape of galaxies in SDSS/Galaxy Zoo. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 434, 2153–2166 (2013).
van der Wel, A. et al. Geometry of star-forming galaxies from SDSS, 3D-HST, and CANDELS. Astrophys. J. Lett. 792, L6 (2014).
Lovell, C. C. et al. An orientation bias in observations of submillimetre galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 515, 3644–3655 (2022).
Traina, A. et al. A3COSMOS: the infrared luminosity function and dust-obscured star formation rate density at 0.5 < z < 6. Astron. Astrophys. 681, A118 (2024).
Weaver, J. R. et al. COSMOS2020: the galaxy stellar mass function. The assembly and star formation cessation of galaxies at 0.2 < z ≤ 7.5. Astron. Astrophys. 677, A184 (2023).
Elmegreen, B. G., Bournaud, F. & Elmegreen, D. M. Bulge formation by the coalescence of giant clumps in primordial disk galaxies. Astrophys. J. 688, 67 (2008).
Dekel, A., Sari, R. & Ceverino, D. Formation of massive galaxies at high redshift: cold streams, clumpy disks, and compact spheroids. Astrophys. J. 703, 785–801 (2009).
Ceverino, D., Dekel, A., Tweed, D. & Primack, J. Early formation of massive, compact, spheroidal galaxies with classical profiles by violent disc instability or mergers. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 447, 3291–3310 (2015).
Toomre, A. in Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar Populations (eds Tinsley, B. M. & Larson, R. B.) 401 (Yale University Observatory, 1977).
Scannapieco, C., White, S. D. M., Springel, V. & Tissera, P. B. The formation and survival of discs in a ΛCDM universe. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 396, 696–708 (2009).
Sales, L. V. et al. The origin of discs and spheroids in simulated galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 423, 1544–1555 (2012).
Aumer, M. & White, S. D. M. Idealized models for galactic disc formation and evolution in ‘realistic’ ΛCDM haloes. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 428, 1055–1076 (2013).
Dubois, Y. et al. Dancing in the dark: galactic properties trace spin swings along the cosmic web. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 444, 1453–1468 (2014).
Bournaud, F. et al. Hydrodynamics of high-redshift galaxy collisions: from gas-rich disks to dispersion-dominated mergers and compact spheroids. Astrophys. J. 730, 4 (2011).
Kalita, B. S. et al. Bulge formation inside quiescent lopsided stellar disks: connecting accretion, star formation, and morphological transformation in a z ~ 3 galaxy group. Astron. Astrophys. 666, A44 (2022).
Kraljic, K. et al. Galaxies flowing in the oriented saddle frame of the cosmic web. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 483, 3227–3254 (2019).
Puglisi, A. et al. The main sequence at z ~ 1.3 contains a sizable fraction of galaxies with compact star formation sizes: a new population of early post-starbursts?. Astrophys. J. Lett. 877, L23 (2019).
Silverman, J. D. et al. The molecular gas content and fuel efficiency of starbursts at z ~ 1.6 with ALMA. Astrophys. J. 867, 92 (2018).
Schaye, J. et al. The EAGLE project: simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 446, 521–554 (2015).
McAlpine, S. et al. The nature of submillimetre and highly star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulation. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 488, 2440–2454 (2019).
Cibinel, A. et al. Early- and late-stage mergers among main sequence and starburst galaxies at 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 2. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 485, 5631–5651 (2019).
Setton, D. J. et al. UNCOVER NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy unveils evidence of early core formation in a massive, centrally dusty quiescent galaxy at zspec = 3.97. Astrophys. J. 974, 145 (2024).
Liu, D. et al. Automated mining of the ALMA archive in the COSMOS field (A3COSMOS). I. Robust ALMA continuum photometry catalogs and stellar mass and star formation properties for ~700 galaxies at z = 0.5–6. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 244, 40 (2019).
Elbaz, D. et al. Starbursts in and out of the star-formation main sequence. Astron. Astrophys. 616, A110 (2018).
Silverman, J. D. et al. Concurrent starbursts in molecular gas disks within a pair of colliding galaxies at z = 1.52. Astrophys. J. 868, 75 (2018).
Rujopakarn, W. et al. ALMA 200 pc resolution imaging of smooth cold dusty disks in typical z ~ 3 star-forming galaxies. Astrophys. J. 882, 107 (2019).
Valentino, F. et al. CO emission in distant galaxies on and above the main sequence. Astron. Astrophys. 641, A155 (2020).
Jin, S. et al. Diagnosing deceivingly cold dusty galaxies at 3.5 < z < 6: a substantial population of compact starbursts with high infrared optical depths. Astron. Astrophys. 665, A3 (2022).
Weaver, J. R. et al. COSMOS2020: a panchromatic view of the Universe to z ~ 10 from two complementary catalogs. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 258, 11 (2022).
Jin, S. et al. “Super-deblended” dust emission in galaxies. II. Far-IR to (sub)millimeter photometry and high-redshift galaxy candidates in the full COSMOS field. Astrophys. J. 864, 56 (2018).
Chabrier, G. The galactic disk mass function: reconciliation of the Hubble Space Telescope and nearby determinations. Astrophys. J. Lett. 586, L133–L136 (2003).
Daddi, E. et al. Multiwavelength study of massive galaxies at z~2. I. Star formation and galaxy growth. Astrophys. J. 670, 156–172 (2007).
Elbaz, D. et al. The reversal of the star formation-density relation in the distant universe. Astron. Astrophys. 468, 33–48 (2007).
Noeske, K. G. et al. Star formation in AEGIS field galaxies since z =1.1: the dominance of gradually declining star formation, and the main sequence of star-forming galaxies. Astrophys. J. Lett. 660, L43–L46 (2007).
Rodighiero, G. et al. The lesser role of starbursts in star formation at z = 2. Astrophys. J. Lett. 739, L40 (2011).
McMullin, J. P., Waters, B., Schiebel, D., Young, W. & Golap, K. in Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XVI (eds Shaw, R. A., Hill, F. & Bell, D. J.) 127 (Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2007).
Guilloteau, S. & Lucas, R. in Imaging at Radio through Submillimeter Wavelengths (eds Mangum, J. G. & Radford, S. J. E.) 299 (Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2000).
Martí-Vidal, I., Pérez-Torres, M. A. & Lobanov, A. P. Over-resolution of compact sources in interferometric observations. Astron. Astrophys. 541, A135 (2012).
Franco, M. et al. GOODS-ALMA: 1.1 mm galaxy survey. I. Source catalog and optically dark galaxies. Astron. Astrophys. 620, A152 (2018).
Foreman-Mackey, D., Hogg, D. W., Lang, D. & Goodman, J. emcee: the MCMC hammer. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 125, 306 (2013).
Binney, J. Testing for triaxiality with kinematic data. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 212, 767–781 (1985).
Ryden, B. S. The ellipticity of the disks of spiral galaxies. Astrophys. J. 601, 214–220 (2004).
Narayanan, D. & Krumholz, M. R. A theory for the excitation of CO in star-forming galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 442, 1411–1428 (2014).
Rujopakarn, W., Rieke, G. H., Eisenstein, D. J. & Juneau, S. Morphology and size differences between local and high-redshift luminous infrared galaxies. Astrophys. J. 726, 93 (2011).
Barcos-Muñoz, L. et al. A 33 GHz survey of local major mergers: estimating the sizes of the energetically dominant regions from high-resolution measurements of the radio continuum. Astrophys. J. 843, 117 (2017).
Ueda, J. et al. Cold molecular gas in merger remnants. I. Formation of molecular gas disks. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 214, 1 (2014).
Barro, G. et al. Structural and star-forming relations since z ~ 3: connecting compact star-forming and quiescent galaxies. Astrophys. J. 840, 47 (2017).
Xiao, M. Y. et al. Starbursts with suppressed velocity dispersion revealed in a forming cluster at z = 2.51. Astron. Astrophys. 664, A63 (2022).
Lelli, F. et al. Cold gas disks in main-sequence galaxies at cosmic noon: low turbulence, flat rotation curves, and disk-halo degeneracy. Astron. Astrophys. 672, A106 (2023).
Rizzo, F. et al. The ALMA-ALPAKA survey. I. High-resolution CO and [CI] kinematics of star-forming galaxies at z = 0.5–3.5. Astron. Astrophys. 679, A129 (2023).
Amvrosiadis, A. et al. The kinematics of massive high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08959 (2023).
Liu, D. et al. An ~600 pc view of the strongly lensed, massive main-sequence galaxy J0901: a baryon-dominated, thick turbulent rotating disk with a clumpy cold gas ring at z = 2.259. Astrophys. J. 942, 98 (2023).
Birkin, J. E. et al. KAOSS: turbulent, but disc-like kinematics in dust-obscured star-forming galaxies at z ~ 1.3–2.6. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 531, 61–83 (2024).
Cappellari, M. Structure and kinematics of early-type galaxies from integral field spectroscopy. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 54, 597–665 (2016).
McAlpine, S. et al. The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: public release of halo and galaxy catalogues. Astron. Comput. 15, 72–89 (2016).
Camps, P. et al. Data release of UV to submillimeter broadband fluxes for simulated galaxies from the EAGLE project. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 234, 20 (2018).
Schreiber, C. et al. The Herschel view of the dominant mode of galaxy growth from z = 4 to the present day. Astron. Astrophys. 575, A74 (2015).